Tasks already replaced 113

AI handles it reliably; humans have largely exited. As of 2026: 113 of 283 tasks (40%) across 42 occupations.

Replaced 113Being replaced 118Will be replaced 52

202634 tasks

Cutting and prep🍽️ Chef / Cook 20152026 Cutting and prepReplaced Chef / Cook · Fast-food / Central Kitchen Cook AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Automated cutting equipment Cooks wash, peel, slice and dice vegetables and meat in the back kitchen, portioning ingredients according to each recipe so they are ready to use once service begins.Central kitchens use automated vegetable cutters, meat slicers and washing-peeling lines to process ingredients in bulk for delivery to outlets, spreading through chains from 2015. By 2026 most cutting and prep for fast food and catering is done by machines. Click for the full write-up → Valuation🏗️ Real Estate Agent 20172026 ValuationReplaced Real Estate Agent AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Automated valuation models Agents estimate what a home is worth by weighing recent nearby sales, floor level, orientation, age and condition, advising sellers on asking prices and buyers on whether an offer makes sense.From 2017, automated valuation models began using large transaction datasets and property features to estimate prices, often shown directly on platforms. By 2026, routine home valuations are largely model-driven. Click for the full write-up → Website / software localization✍️ Translator 20182026 Website / software localizationReplaced Translator · Written Translation (General) AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: MT + automated terminology Translating website, app and software interface text into other languages and adapting dates, currencies and text length limits so the product feels native to local users.From 2018, localization platforms combined machine translation with termbases and translation memory, translating new strings automatically and consistently. By around 2026 most interface strings are localized automatically. Click for the full write-up → Vital-sign monitoring and alerts🩺 Nurse 20182026 Vital-sign monitoring and alertsReplaced Nurse · Clinical Nurse AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Smart monitors + early-warning systems Nurses regularly measure patients' temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation, record how these change over time, and report abnormal readings to doctors promptly.Since 2018, smart monitors and wearables have recorded vital signs continuously and uploaded them automatically, while early-warning systems flag deterioration from risk scores. By 2026, routine measurement and alerting are largely done by devices. Click for the full write-up → Delivering items to rooms🍽️ Hotel Front Desk Agent 20182026 Delivering items to roomsReplaced Hotel Front Desk Agent AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Delivery robots Front desk or bell staff bring requested towels, toiletries, takeout meals and parcels up to guest rooms, answering such calls at any hour of the day or night.Delivery robots ride elevators on their own, navigate to the room and call guests to collect items; they were widely deployed in mid-to-upscale Chinese hotels from 2018. By 2026 most room deliveries in such hotels are handled mainly by robots. Click for the full write-up → Detailed retouching🎨 Photographer 20192026 Detailed retouchingReplaced Photographer · Portrait / Wedding Photography AI enters 2019 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Bulk AI retouching Retouching portrait and wedding photos one by one, including skin smoothing, reshaping, color grading and background cleanup, often across dozens or hundreds of images per set.Since 2019, AI batch retouching tools detect faces and bodies and apply smoothing, shaping and grading consistently. By 2026, most detailed retouching is done in AI batches with only light manual tweaks. Click for the full write-up → Initial complaint triage📞 Customer Service Rep 20202026 Initial complaint triageReplaced Customer Service Rep · Phone Support AI enters 2020 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Intent detection and auto-routing When a complaint arrives, the agent works out what kind of issue it is, how urgent it is and which team should own it, logs the basics and creates a ticket.From 2020, intent detection and text classification models began tagging complaint type and urgency from transcripts or messages and routing them by rule. Large language models raised accuracy, and by around 2026 first-line triage is largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Rewriting wire stories✍️ Journalist / News Editor 20202026 Rewriting wire storiesReplaced Journalist / News Editor · Reporter AI enters 2020 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: LLM translation and rewriting Turning wire service or other outlets' stories into the publication's own reports, reframing and rewording them, and sometimes translating them from another language first.From 2020, large language models could translate foreign copy and rewrite it in house style, producing headlines and summaries quickly. By around 2026 routine wire rewrites are largely AI-done. Click for the full write-up → Live stream metrics monitoring📱 Livestream Seller 20202026 Live stream metrics monitoringReplaced Livestream Seller · Livestream Operations AI enters 2020 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Real-time dashboards + AI alerts Livestream operators watch live metrics such as viewer count, watch time, conversion rate and traffic sources, and prompt the host to change pace or products when the numbers dip.From 2020, platforms offered real-time dashboards, and AI can now spot unusual swings and send alerts with suggestions. By 2026, metrics monitoring is largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Rendering visualizations🏗️ Architect 20212026 Rendering visualizationsReplaced Architect AI enters 2021 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI rendering / text-to-image Architects or visualization artists turn design models into interior and exterior renderings and animations for client presentations and marketing, work that used to take long modeling and render times.Real-time render engines spread from 2021, then text-to-image and image-to-image AI began producing images straight from sketches or massing models. By 2026, routine renderings are largely generated by AI tools. Click for the full write-up → Turning designs into pages💻 Software Engineer 20222026 Turning designs into pagesReplaced Software Engineer · Frontend Developer AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Design-to-code Frontend developers turn design mockups into working web or app interfaces, writing the layout, styling and interaction code so pages adapt to different screen sizes.From 2022, design-to-code tools and AI coding assistants could read design files or screenshots and generate layout and component code. As models better understand component libraries and project structure, most page building is AI-done by around 2026. Click for the full write-up → Hero images / posters🎨 Designer 20222026 Hero images / postersReplaced Designer · E-commerce Designer AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Text-to-image Designing key visuals, posters and homepage hero images for campaigns or product launches. This demands strong composition, color, typography and creative mood, and is where taste matters most.Once text-to-image models arrived in 2022, designers could generate high-quality scenes and stylized imagery in minutes, then assemble posters with layout tools. By 2026, most routine hero images are mainly AI-created. Click for the full write-up → White-background product shots🎨 Photographer 20222026 White-background product shotsReplaced Photographer · Product Photography AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI-generated product images Shooting products on a plain white background in a studio with standard lighting, showing them from several angles for marketplace main images and product detail pages.Since 2022, AI can produce standard white-background and multi-angle images from a few casual photos or a 3D model, skipping studio setup and lighting. By 2026, many routine white-background shots no longer need a real shoot. Click for the full write-up → First-pass contract review💰 Legal Professional 20222026 First-pass contract reviewReplaced Legal Professional · Paralegal AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Contract-review LLMs A first read of a contract to flag missing clauses, unfavorable wording, risks and deviations from the company's standard template, producing suggested edits for a lawyer to review.After 2022, contract-review tools built on large language models began checking clauses against preset playbooks, flagging risks and proposing redlines automatically. By 2026, first-pass review of standard commercial contracts is largely handled by such tools. Click for the full write-up → Structured record generation🩺 Medical Transcriptionist 20222026 Structured record generationReplaced Medical Transcriptionist · Medical Transcription AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Ambient AI scribes Turning dictation or doctor-patient conversations into structured records, with sections such as chief complaint, history, exam, diagnosis and plan, entered into the electronic health record.After 2022, ambient AI scribes began listening during visits, extracting key points and writing structured notes directly into the EHR. By 2026, this work is largely done by AI. Click for the full write-up → Speaking practice📚 Teacher 20222026 Speaking practiceReplaced Teacher · Language Practice Partner AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Real-time voice LLMs Speaking partners hold conversations with learners in a foreign language, correcting pronunciation and phrasing as they go and simulating oral exams or everyday situations like ordering food.Real-time voice LLMs converse naturally with low latency while correcting pronunciation and grammar and role-playing scenarios; they developed quickly from 2022. By 2026 most routine speaking practice can be handled by AI at a fraction of a tutor's cost. Click for the full write-up → Clipping livestream highlights📱 Livestream Seller 20222026 Clipping livestream highlightsReplaced Livestream Seller · Livestream Operations AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI auto-clipping Operators comb through hours of stream recordings to find highlights, cut them into short videos and redistribute them across platforms to bring viewers back to the live room.From 2022, AI auto-clipping tools began using speech, visuals and engagement data to find highlights, then trim and caption them automatically. By 2026, livestream clipping is mostly AI-done. Click for the full write-up →
Scanning items at checkout🏭 Retail Worker 20162026 Scanning items at checkoutReplaced Retail Worker · Cashier AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Self-checkout / cashierless stores Cashiers scan each item's barcode, weigh loose produce, apply promotions and loyalty points, and bag groceries, often under pressure from long queues at peak hours.Self-checkout kiosks let shoppers scan their own goods, and camera-and-sensor cashierless stores let them just walk out; both spread through supermarkets and convenience stores from 2016. By 2026, checkout scanning in most stores is done mainly by customers or systems. Click for the full write-up → Onboarding and offboarding paperwork📈 Human Resources 20172026 Onboarding and offboarding paperworkReplaced Human Resources · Payroll & HR Specialist AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Digital workflows + RPA HR handles contracts, document collection and system accounts for new hires, and arranges handovers, separation certificates and benefit transfers for people who are leaving the company.From 2017, digital workflows and RPA bots began chaining e-signed contracts, document collection and account provisioning together. By 2026, onboarding and offboarding paperwork is largely automated online. Click for the full write-up → Photo-based damage assessment💰 Insurance Claims Adjuster 20182026 Photo-based damage assessmentReplaced Insurance Claims Adjuster · Auto / Health Claims AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI image damage assessment In auto claims, the adjuster examines photos of a damaged vehicle to identify which parts are affected and how badly, decides between repair and replacement, and estimates parts and labor costs.Around 2018, computer-vision damage assessment tools came into wide use: drivers upload photos and a model identifies damaged parts and prices them against a parts database. As accuracy improved, routine cosmetic damage was largely assessed by AI by 2026. Click for the full write-up → Grading objective homework📚 Teacher 20182026 Grading objective homeworkReplaced Teacher · K-12 Teacher AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI grading Teachers mark stacks of multiple-choice, fill-in and calculation homework that has definite answers, tally common mistakes, and use the results to gauge how well the class and each student understand.Answer-sheet scanning and handwriting recognition let machines score work automatically, and AI compiles error statistics and learning reports. Schools adopted this from 2018, and by 2026 grading objective homework is largely done by systems. Click for the full write-up → Answering and relaying calls📞 Administrative Assistant 20192026 Answering and relaying callsReplaced Administrative Assistant · Receptionist AI enters 2019 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI phone assistants The receptionist answers the company's main line, figures out what each caller wants, transfers them or takes a message for later, and screens out sales and nuisance calls.From 2019, AI phone assistants could answer, understand intent, transfer or take messages, and filter spam calls. With voice LLMs making conversations more natural, by around 2026 most incoming calls no longer need a receptionist. Click for the full write-up → Cell counting🩺 Radiologist / Pathologist 20192026 Cell countingReplaced Radiologist / Pathologist · Pathologist AI enters 2019 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Digital pathology AI Pathologists count specific cells under the microscope, such as dividing cells or cells that stain positive for markers like Ki-67, in order to grade tumors and estimate a patient's prognosis.Since 2019, digital pathology AI has been able to identify and count cells on scanned whole-slide images quickly and consistently. By 2026, routine cell counting is largely done by AI. Click for the full write-up → Data validation📞 Data Entry Clerk 20202026 Data validationReplaced Data Entry Clerk · Document Entry Clerk AI enters 2020 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Rule engines + LLMs Checking entered data for completeness, correct formats and internal consistency, such as ID number length, totals that add up and logical dates, then fixing errors.From 2020, rule engines automatically checked formats and numeric logic, and large language models added the ability to catch semantic contradictions and suggest fixes. By around 2026 routine validation is largely system-driven. Click for the full write-up → Performance analysis📱 Social Media Manager 20202026 Performance analysisReplaced Social Media Manager · Social Media Operations AI enters 2020 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Platform analytics + AI Social media staff regularly track views, likes, shares and follower growth, work out which content did well and which did not, and write up review summaries.From 2020, platform analytics dashboards became much richer, and AI can now summarize performance patterns and suggest changes. By 2026, routine performance reviews are largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Headline optimization✍️ Journalist / News Editor 20212026 Headline optimizationReplaced Journalist / News Editor · News Editor AI enters 2021 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI generation + click prediction Writing and revising article headlines that summarize the story accurately while drawing readers in, often preparing several versions to test against each other.From 2021, AI generated batches of candidate headlines, and click-prediction models plus live testing picked the best performers automatically. By around 2026 most headline optimization is system-driven. Click for the full write-up → Listing products and setting promos📱 Livestream Seller 20212026 Listing products and setting promosReplaced Livestream Seller · Livestream Operations AI enters 2021 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Automated stream control During a stream, operators list and delist products in step with the host's pitch, change prices, release coupons and set up time-limited flash sales, often under heavy time pressure.From 2021, automated stream-control tools began listing products, issuing coupons and adjusting stock by preset flow or host cues. By 2026, these operations are largely automatic. Click for the full write-up → Boilerplate / API endpoints💻 Software Engineer 20222026 Boilerplate / API endpointsReplaced Software Engineer · Backend Developer AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: Code completion → coding agents Backend developers write large amounts of templated code: routes, parameter validation, database reads and writes, and serialization so that frontends and other services can call them.Code completion tools spread from 2022, and coding agents now generate full endpoints and tests from an API spec or database schema. By 2026, this boilerplate is largely no longer written by hand. Click for the full write-up → Icon design🎨 Designer 20222026 Icon designReplaced Designer · UI Designer AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI icon generation UI designers draw functional icons for apps, conveying a clear meaning within a consistent style, stroke weight and grid, and making sure each icon stays legible at multiple sizes.From 2022, AI icon generators and vector-generation models produce sets in a consistent style from descriptions, and large ready-made icon libraries cover the rest. By 2026, routine icons are largely no longer drawn by hand. Click for the full write-up → Rough cuts🎨 Video Editor 20222026 Rough cutsReplaced Video Editor · Short-form Video Editing AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI auto-editing Going through hours of raw footage to pick usable clips, remove flubs, pauses and repeated takes, and assemble the remaining material in order into a first version of the video.Since 2022, AI auto-editing tools detect silence, mistakes and duplicate takes and build rough cuts from a transcript or template. By 2026, most short-form rough cuts are AI-made. Click for the full write-up → Earnings commentary💰 Securities Analysis / Trading 20222026 Earnings commentaryReplaced Securities Analysis / Trading · Research Analyst AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI-generated research notes After a company reports results, analysts quickly write a note summarizing performance, how it compared with expectations and why, and update ratings or earnings forecasts.After 2022, LLMs could read results within minutes of release, compare them with consensus and draft the note. By 2026, routine earnings commentary is largely AI-generated, with analysts reviewing and adding their views. Click for the full write-up → Writing tests and quizzes📚 Teacher 20222026 Writing tests and quizzesReplaced Teacher · K-12 Teacher AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI question-bank generation Teachers select or write questions that match the syllabus and teaching pace, balancing difficulty, question types and topic coverage to build class exercises, unit quizzes and exams.Large language models generate questions and worked solutions by topic, difficulty and format, and question-bank systems assemble papers in one click without repeats. This spread quickly from 2022, and by 2026 most test assembly is done by AI. Click for the full write-up → Replying to comments📱 Social Media Manager 20222026 Replying to commentsReplaced Social Media Manager · Social Media Operations AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI auto-replies Social media staff go through comments and direct messages one by one, answering common questions, thanking supporters, and handling negative feedback and complaints with care.From 2022, AI auto-reply tools began detecting intent and using large language models to write replies in the account's voice. By 2026, routine comment replies are largely AI-handled. Click for the full write-up → Writing unit tests💻 Software Engineer 20232026 Writing unit testsReplaced Software Engineer · Backend Developer AI enters 2023 → Largely replaced 2026 Technology / key factor: AI-generated tests Writing unit tests for individual functions and modules that cover normal inputs, boundary values and error cases, so that later code changes don't silently break behavior that already works.Since 2023, AI tools read a function's implementation, generate test cases, fill coverage gaps and rerun until tests pass. By 2026, most unit tests are AI-generated, with people only adding what's missing. Click for the full write-up →

202522 tasks

Milking🌾 Farm Worker 20102025 MilkingReplaced Farm Worker · Livestock Worker AI enters 2010 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Milking robots Dairy workers milk cows two or three times a day, cleaning teats, attaching cups and monitoring yield. It is repetitive work on a fixed schedule.Milking robots spread from 2010; cows walk in voluntarily and the machine uses vision to attach cups and record yield and milk quality. By 2025, milking on large dairies is mostly robotic. Click for the full write-up → Designing crowns and restorations🩺 Dentist 20162025 Designing crowns and restorationsReplaced Dentist AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: CAD/CAM + AI auto-design Designing the shape and bite of crowns, inlays and veneers from an intraoral scan or model of the tooth, then sending the design for fabrication.From 2016, intraoral scanners and CAD/CAM systems spread, with AI auto-designing restorations from neighboring and opposing teeth for milling or 3D printing. By 2025, routine restoration design was largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Greenhouse climate control🌾 Farm Worker 20162025 Greenhouse climate controlReplaced Farm Worker · Produce Picker AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Smart greenhouse controls Greenhouse growers adjust temperature, humidity, light, ventilation and irrigation to suit each crop, which used to mean frequent walking rounds and switching vents, heaters and pumps on and off by hand.From 2016, smart greenhouse control systems began using sensors to track conditions and automatically run shades, fans, grow lights and fertigation. By 2025, most climate control is automated. Click for the full write-up → Manual regression testing💻 Software Engineer 20182025 Manual regression testingReplaced Software Engineer · QA Engineer AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Automated + AI visual testing After every release, testers click through a checklist of existing features by hand to confirm the new code hasn't broken anything that used to work.Around 2018, automated test frameworks and continuous integration let regression suites run on every commit, and AI visual comparison later caught UI changes automatically. By 2025, manual regression passes were largely gone. Click for the full write-up → Resume screening📈 Human Resources 20182025 Resume screeningReplaced Human Resources · Recruiter AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: AI resume screening Recruiters sift through large numbers of applications to find candidates whose education, work experience and skills match the role, and pass them on to the next interview round.From 2018, applicant tracking systems began filtering resumes with keywords and machine learning, and large language models can now read experience and rank candidates. By 2025, initial screening is largely AI-driven. Click for the full write-up → Subtitle generation and translation✍️ Translator 20192025 Subtitle generation and translationReplaced Translator · Subtitle Translation AI enters 2019 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Speech recognition + MT Transcribing a video's dialogue into source-language subtitles, then translating them into other languages while keeping each line accurate and within strict on-screen length limits.From 2019, speech recognition generated source subtitles automatically and machine translation produced other languages, with video platforms offering auto-captions widely. By 2025 most subtitle generation and translation was machine-done. Click for the full write-up → Medication reminders and health records🩺 Nurse 20192025 Medication reminders and health recordsReplaced Nurse · Elder Care Worker AI enters 2019 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Smart pill boxes + health apps Elder-care workers remind residents to take medicines on time and record daily health data such as blood pressure, blood sugar, meals and sleep, reporting to families or doctors.From 2019, smart pill boxes began issuing reminders and dispensing doses, while health apps and connected meters logged readings automatically. By 2025, reminders and records were largely handled by devices. Click for the full write-up → Captions and music🎨 Video Editor 20202025 Captions and musicReplaced Video Editor · Short-form Video Editing AI enters 2020 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Auto captions + AI music selection Adding captions to short videos and choosing background music that fits the pacing, work that used to mean transcribing line by line, timing each caption and listening repeatedly.From around 2020, speech recognition generated and timed captions automatically, and editing apps began recommending or generating music to fit content and length. By 2025, this work was largely automatic. Click for the full write-up → Bulk banner production🎨 Designer 20212025 Bulk banner productionReplaced Designer · E-commerce Designer AI enters 2021 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Templates + generative AI Producing large batches of promotional banners in many sizes and copy variations for different platforms and ad slots. It is high-volume, deadline-driven and highly repetitive work.From 2021, smart design templates auto-resized layouts and swapped copy and product images, and generative AI added backgrounds and variants in bulk. By 2025, bulk banners were largely produced automatically. Click for the full write-up → Meeting minutes📞 Administrative Assistant 20222025 Meeting minutesReplaced Administrative Assistant · Executive Secretary AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Meeting transcription and auto-summaries The assistant notes key points, decisions and action items while a meeting runs, then writes up formal minutes and circulates them to everyone who attended.From 2022, meeting tools added live transcription that separates speakers and auto-generates summaries, decisions and action lists afterward. By 2025 manual minute-taking had largely been replaced. Click for the full write-up → Stock art / spot illustrations🎨 Illustrator 20222025 Stock art / spot illustrationsReplaced Illustrator · Commercial Illustration AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Text-to-image models Drawing generic illustrations and small spot art for articles, ads, websites and publications. Demand is high, subjects are common, and a distinctive personal style matters relatively little.After text-to-image models spread in 2022, a short prompt yields several usable images in seconds, far cheaper than commissioning or licensing stock art. By 2025, much of this generic illustration was AI-generated. Click for the full write-up →
Goods-to-person picking🚚 Warehousing & Delivery 20152025 Goods-to-person pickingReplaced Warehousing & Delivery · Sorter / Picker AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: AGV robots Pickers walk up and down warehouse aisles to find and pull the items for each order, often covering many kilometers over the course of a single shift.From 2015, AGV robots began bringing whole shelves or totes to fixed picking stations, so workers no longer walk to the goods. By 2025, large e-commerce and logistics warehouses had largely adopted goods-to-person systems. Click for the full write-up → Gate access control🍽️ Security Guard 20162025 Gate access controlReplaced Security Guard AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Face-recognition gates + plate recognition Gate guards verify the identity of people coming and going, register visitors, check vehicles, operate turnstiles and barriers, and keep order at the entrance throughout the day.Face-recognition turnstiles verify residents and staff, visitors book online for access codes, and plate-recognition barriers admit registered cars. These spread through residential compounds and business parks from 2016, and by 2025 routine checks at most gates are done by systems. Click for the full write-up → Ad voice-over✍️ Voice Actor 20182025 Ad voice-overReplaced Voice Actor · Commercial Voice-over AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Voice cloning Voicing the narration for commercials, promotional films and product videos, matching tone, pacing and emotion to the brand and to the rhythm of the visuals.From 2018, voice cloning could replicate a specific voice from a small sample and generate expressive reads from text, with edits needing no re-recording. By 2025 most routine ad voice-overs could be done by AI. Click for the full write-up → Matching listings to buyers🏗️ Real Estate Agent 20182025 Matching listings to buyersReplaced Real Estate Agent AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Recommendation algorithms Agents sort through large numbers of homes for sale to find a handful that fit a buyer's budget, area, layout, school and commute needs, then recommend them and arrange viewings.From 2018, recommendation algorithms on property platforms began pushing listings based on browsing and search behavior, letting buyers find most candidates themselves. By 2025, initial matching is mostly algorithmic. Click for the full write-up → Call quality spot checks📞 Customer Service Rep 20192025 Call quality spot checksReplaced Customer Service Rep · Phone Support AI enters 2019 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Transcription + automated QA on every call QA staff listen to a small sample of recorded calls, checking whether agents followed scripts, avoided improper promises and kept a professional tone, then score and give feedback.From 2019, speech transcription plus automated QA tools could transcribe every call and check keywords, sentiment and process compliance. By 2025, manual sampling had given way to automated review of nearly all calls. Click for the full write-up → Recurring reports💻 Data Analyst 20192025 Recurring reportsReplaced Data Analyst · Business Analytics AI enters 2019 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Automated BI Pulling data from databases every day, week or month and formatting it into fixed sales, operations or finance reports that are sent to managers and business teams.From around 2019, business intelligence tools and automated data pipelines let reports refresh and send themselves on schedule, with no manual pulling or formatting. By 2025, hand-built recurring reports had largely disappeared. Click for the full write-up → Interview scheduling📈 Human Resources 20192025 Interview schedulingReplaced Human Resources · Recruiter AI enters 2019 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Automated scheduling Recruiters go back and forth between candidates and several interviewers to find suitable times, book rooms or video calls, and send interview notices and rescheduling updates.From 2019, automated scheduling tools connected to calendars let candidates pick open slots while the system sends invites and reminders. By 2025, interview scheduling is largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Essay correction📚 Teacher 20202025 Essay correctionReplaced Teacher · Language Practice Partner AI enters 2020 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: AI writing feedback Language tutors mark students' essays, pointing out problems with grammar, word choice, sentence variety and overall structure, then suggest specific revisions and assign a score.AI writing-feedback tools correct sentences, assess structure and argument, and offer rewrite examples, improving markedly once large language models arrived. They spread from 2020, and by 2025 routine essay correction was largely done by AI. Click for the full write-up → Homework help📚 Teacher 20212025 Homework helpReplaced Teacher · Tutor AI enters 2021 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: Snap-a-photo + LLM explanations Tutors help students with the homework problems they are stuck on, explaining the reasoning and each step, and finding and correcting misunderstandings of the underlying concepts.Snap-a-photo apps recognize the problem, and large language models give step-by-step explanations and answer follow-up questions; this became widespread from 2021. By 2025 most homework help is available from AI on demand, without waiting for a tutor. Click for the full write-up → Keyword articles✍️ Copywriter / Content Editor 20222025 Keyword articlesReplaced Copywriter / Content Editor · SEO Writer AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: AI writing + SEO tools Writing articles built around target search keywords, organizing headings, paragraphs and keyword placement so the page ranks higher in search engine results for those terms.From 2022, AI writing tools paired with SEO software could analyze keywords, competing pages and search intent, then produce structured optimized articles. By 2025 most keyword articles were AI-written. Click for the full write-up → Product pitch scripts📱 Livestream Seller 20222025 Product pitch scriptsReplaced Livestream Seller · Livestream Host AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2025 Technology / key factor: LLM-generated pitches Livestream teams write a pitch script for every product, covering key selling points, use cases, price comparisons, promotional wording and planned moments for audience interaction.From 2022, large language models could generate pitch scripts and multiple variants from product details and category norms. By 2025, routine product scripts are mostly AI-written. Click for the full write-up →

202421 tasks

Account opening and ID verification💰 Bank Teller 20152024 Account opening and ID verificationReplaced Bank Teller · Counter Services AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Smart kiosks + face recognition Opening accounts for new customers: verifying ID, collecting personal details, signing agreements and issuing bank cards. It is a tedious process with strict compliance requirements.From 2015, smart kiosks combining ID card readers and face recognition let customers open accounts and get cards themselves, and mobile apps added remote onboarding. By 2024, routine account opening rarely needed a teller. Click for the full write-up → Answering standard questions📞 Customer Service Rep 20162024 Answering standard questionsReplaced Customer Service Rep · Phone Support AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: AI voice bots Answering recurring phone questions such as opening hours, pricing, how a process works or how to reset a password, where the answer already sits in a knowledge base or script.From 2016, voice bots combining speech recognition, intent detection and speech synthesis began answering common questions on the phone. Large language models sharply improved understanding, and by 2024 most standard Q&A was handled by machines. Click for the full write-up → General document translation✍️ Translator 20162024 General document translationReplaced Translator · Written Translation (General) AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Neural MT → LLMs Translating contracts, manuals, business emails and reports, conveying the original meaning accurately while making the text read naturally to someone in the target language.From 2016, neural machine translation made output far more fluent, and large language models later added context and tone handling across long documents. By 2024 first-pass translation of general documents was mainly done by machines. Click for the full write-up → Visual defect inspection🏭 Production Line Worker 20162024 Visual defect inspectionReplaced Production Line Worker · Quality Inspector AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: AI visual inspection Inspectors stand beside the line checking product surfaces by eye or under magnification for scratches, stains, chips and color variations, pulling out defective units before they ship.Deep-learning vision systems can be trained on relatively few samples to recognize many defect types, spreading through displays, electronics and textiles from 2016. By around 2024 most lines relied on AI for visual inspection, with humans only double-checking. Click for the full write-up → Audience targeting📈 Marketing 20162024 Audience targetingReplaced Marketing · Paid Media Specialist AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Platform auto-targeting Marketers decide who sees an ad, choosing segments by age, location, interests and purchase behavior, then run repeated tests to find the combinations that perform best.From 2016, major ad platforms introduced auto-targeting and lookalike audiences, letting algorithms find likely customers from conversion data. By 2024, audience targeting is mostly automated by the platforms. Click for the full write-up → On-call alert monitoring💻 Operations Engineer 20172024 On-call alert monitoringReplaced Operations Engineer · Systems Operations AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: AIOps alert correlation On-call staff watch monitoring dashboards and respond to alerts from servers, databases and networks, deciding which ones need immediate action and which can safely be ignored.From 2017, AIOps platforms began grouping, deduplicating and correlating floods of alerts, suppressing noise and linking related failures. By 2024, people screening alerts by eye was largely replaced. Click for the full write-up → Statute and case research💰 Legal Professional 20172024 Statute and case researchReplaced Legal Professional · Paralegal AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Legal research AI Paralegals search for statutes, regulations, judicial interpretations and comparable rulings that bear on a case's disputed issues, then summarize the authorities and holdings a lawyer can cite.From 2017, legal databases added semantic search and similar-case recommendations, and legal research AI now answers plain-language questions with sourced summaries. By 2024, routine research was mostly done by these tools. Click for the full write-up → Order / shipping inquiries📞 Customer Service Rep 20182024 Order / shipping inquiriesReplaced Customer Service Rep · Live Chat Support AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Support agents connected to business systems When customers ask where their order is or when it will arrive, the agent looks it up in the back-office and carrier systems and relays the status.From 2018, support bots connected through APIs to order and logistics systems could look up live status from an order number or logged-in account and reply instantly. By 2024 these lookups rarely needed a person. Click for the full write-up → Formatting checks✍️ Copywriter / Content Editor 20182024 Formatting checksReplaced Copywriter / Content Editor · Proofreader AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Automated layout validation Checking that a document follows its layout rules: consistent heading levels, fonts and sizes, numbering, figure and table references, and citation formats throughout.From 2018, automated layout validation tools checked documents against style rules item by item and could fix issues in one click. By 2024 formatting checks were largely software-driven. Click for the full write-up → Reporting📈 Marketing 20182024 ReportingReplaced Marketing · Paid Media Specialist AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Automated reports Paid media specialists regularly export data from each ad platform and compile daily, weekly and monthly reports on spend, clicks, conversions and return on ad spend.From 2018, automated reporting tools began pulling cross-platform data into scheduled dashboards, and AI can now write commentary on the numbers. By 2024, routine reports rarely need manual work. Click for the full write-up → Bulk content for site networks✍️ Copywriter / Content Editor 20222024 Bulk content for site networksReplaced Copywriter / Content Editor · SEO Writer AI enters 2022 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Bulk LLM generation Producing large volumes of filler content for networks of websites, such as news rewrites, product comparisons and Q&A pages, where quantity and indexing matter more than depth.Once large language models spread in 2022, articles could be generated in bulk at almost no cost, and volume-driven content was taken over almost immediately. By 2024 writing it by hand made little economic sense. Click for the full write-up →
Sorting and grading🌾 Farm Worker 20152024 Sorting and gradingReplaced Farm Worker · Produce Picker AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Optical sorters After harvest, workers sort fruit and vegetables one by one by size, color, shape and surface defects, so they can be packed, priced and sold by grade.Optical sorters spread from 2015, using cameras and near-infrared sensors to check external and internal quality at high speed. By 2024, large-scale produce sorting is mostly done by machines. Click for the full write-up → Handwritten form entry📞 Data Entry Clerk 20162024 Handwritten form entryReplaced Data Entry Clerk · Document Entry Clerk AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Deep-learning handwriting recognition Reading handwritten applications, registration forms, medical slips or shipping labels and keying the contents into a system, often re-checking entries where the handwriting is messy.From 2016, deep-learning handwriting recognition greatly improved accuracy on handwritten text and digits across different writing styles. By 2024 most handwritten forms could be recognized and entered automatically. Click for the full write-up → Photo retouching🎨 Photographer 20162024 Photo retouchingReplaced Photographer · Product Photography AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: AI retouching Retouching product photos after the shoot: adjusting exposure, correcting color and removing dust and scratches so that items look both accurate and appealing to online shoppers.From around 2016, AI retouching began auto-correcting color and blemishes and batch-processing whole sets, and image editors added smart repair tools. By 2024, routine product retouching was largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Crop spraying🌾 Farm Worker 20162024 Crop sprayingReplaced Farm Worker · Field Crop Farming AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Spraying drones Farmers regularly spray pesticides and foliar fertilizer on crops, traditionally walking the fields with backpack sprayers. It is heavy work and carries a real risk of chemical poisoning.Spraying drones spread rapidly from 2016, flying preset routes and applying measured doses far faster than people. By 2024, field-crop spraying is mostly done by drones and self-propelled sprayers. Click for the full write-up → Visitor registration📞 Administrative Assistant 20172024 Visitor registrationReplaced Administrative Assistant · Receptionist AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Face-recognition visitor systems The receptionist records each visitor's name, ID, host and purpose, checks that an appointment exists, issues a visitor badge and lets the host know their guest has arrived.From 2017, face-recognition visitor systems let guests pre-register by QR code, check in by face or ID scan, print badges and alert hosts automatically. By 2024 most office buildings handled registration on self-service kiosks. Click for the full write-up → Document review💰 Insurance Claims Adjuster 20172024 Document reviewReplaced Insurance Claims Adjuster · Auto / Health Claims AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: OCR + rule engines Adjusters check submitted claim paperwork, such as policies, invoices, medical records and police reports, for completeness and authenticity, then compare it line by line against policy terms to decide whether the claim qualifies.From 2017, OCR began extracting data from documents while rule engines matched it against policy terms and calculated payouts, enabling straight-through processing for small claims. By 2024, standardized document review was largely handled by these systems, with humans seeing only flagged exceptions. Click for the full write-up → Scheduling social posts📈 Marketing 20172024 Scheduling social postsReplaced Marketing · Marketing Planner AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Automated publishing tools Marketers publish prepared posts, images and videos on each social platform according to a set schedule, which used to mean logging into every account by hand and posting at the right time.From 2017, automated publishing tools let teams manage many accounts in one place, post on schedule and suggest the best times. By 2024, scheduled posting is essentially automatic. Click for the full write-up → Taking phone messages📞 Switchboard Operator 20182024 Taking phone messagesReplaced Switchboard Operator AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: AI call assistants When the person being called is away, the operator answers instead, notes the caller's name, reason and callback details, and makes sure the message reaches the right person.From 2018, AI call assistants began answering, asking the caller's purpose, transcribing and pushing a summary to phone or email, and voicemail gained transcription. By 2024 hand-written phone messages were largely unnecessary. Click for the full write-up → Data gathering💰 Securities Analysis / Trading 20182024 Data gatheringReplaced Securities Analysis / Trading · Research Analyst AI enters 2018 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Financial data terminals + AI Research analysts collect company filings, industry statistics, price histories and macro data, then clean and organize them into spreadsheets and model inputs that the rest of the analysis is built on.Financial data terminals already supplied structured data, and from 2018 AI began pulling filings automatically, parsing financial tables and updating models. By 2024, routine data gathering was mostly handled by these tools. Click for the full write-up → Product descriptions✍️ Copywriter / Content Editor 20212024 Product descriptionsReplaced Copywriter / Content Editor · E-commerce Copywriter AI enters 2021 → Largely replaced 2024 Technology / key factor: Bulk LLM generation Writing titles, selling points and detailed descriptions for products in online stores, highlighting materials, specs and uses, often for hundreds or thousands of items at a time.From 2021, large language models could generate descriptions in bulk from product attributes and images, following platform rules and keyword requirements. By 2024 most routine product copy was AI-written. Click for the full write-up →

202311 tasks

Typo / grammar checks✍️ Copywriter / Content Editor 20152023 Typo / grammar checksReplaced Copywriter / Content Editor · Proofreader AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: AI proofreading Proofreaders go through manuscripts word by word looking for typos, punctuation mistakes, grammar errors and awkward word choices, so the final text is clean and correct.From 2015, AI proofreading tools used language models to catch spelling and grammar issues and suggest fixes, and were gradually built into word processors and publishing software. By 2023 basic typo and grammar checks were largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Filing tax returns💰 Accountant 20152023 Filing tax returnsReplaced Accountant · Tax Advisor AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: Automated e-filing Calculating the taxes due each period, filling in VAT, income tax and other returns, and submitting the filings and payments to the tax authorities on time.From around 2015, electronic tax systems and tax software let data flow straight from the books and invoice systems into returns that file with one click. By 2023, manual return preparation was largely replaced. Click for the full write-up → Hub sorting🚚 Warehousing & Delivery 20152023 Hub sortingReplaced Warehousing & Delivery · Courier AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: Automated sorting hubs At regional sorting hubs, parcels arriving from many origins are scanned, split by destination and routed onto the right outbound line before being loaded onto trucks for the next leg.Cross-belt and pop-up wheel sorters, combined with automatic barcode reading and dimensioning, spread through large hubs from 2015 and handle tens of thousands of parcels per hour. By around 2023 sorting at major hubs no longer relied mainly on manual labor. Click for the full write-up → Bank reconciliation💰 Accountant 20162023 Bank reconciliationReplaced Accountant · Bookkeeper AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: RPA reconciliation Matching the company's books against bank statements line by line, identifying outstanding items and discrepancies in amounts, and preparing the bank reconciliation statement for the period-end close.From 2016, robotic process automation began downloading bank statements, matching entries by amount and date, and producing the reconciliation automatically. By 2023, line-by-line manual reconciliation was largely replaced. Click for the full write-up → Dialing lists and lead screening📞 Telemarketer 20172023 Dialing lists and lead screeningReplaced Telemarketer · Outbound Sales AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: Outbound call bots Telemarketers work through call lists one number at a time, confirming who answers and whether they show any interest, weeding out dead numbers and refusals, and keeping promising leads.From 2017, outbound call bots dialed in bulk, used speech recognition to detect who picked up and ran short Q&A, tagging each contact by interest. By 2023 initial list screening was largely machine-run. Click for the full write-up → Cut-outs and retouching🎨 Designer 20172023 Cut-outs and retouchingReplaced Designer · E-commerce Designer AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: AI background removal E-commerce designers cut products out of raw photos, remove backgrounds, and fix blemishes and color casts to prepare clean images for product pages and marketplace listings.From around 2017, deep-learning image segmentation enabled one-click background removal, and AI retouching tools then automated blemish fixes and color correction. By 2023, cutting out images by hand was largely replaced. Click for the full write-up →
Deployments and releases💻 Operations Engineer 20152023 Deployments and releasesReplaced Operations Engineer · Systems Operations AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: CI/CD automation Operations engineers push new code versions to servers: packaging, uploading, shifting traffic and rolling back when something fails, work that was often done by hand late at night.From around 2015, CI/CD pipelines and container orchestration made releases, canary rollouts and rollbacks one-click or fully automatic. By 2023, manual deployments had largely disappeared. Click for the full write-up → Speech transcription🩺 Medical Transcriptionist 20152023 Speech transcriptionReplaced Medical Transcriptionist · Medical Transcription AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: Medical speech recognition Medical transcriptionists listen to doctors' dictated recordings and type them into written records word for word, getting medical terms, drug names and doses exactly right.From 2015, speech recognition trained on medical vocabulary improved sharply, converting dictation to text in real time. By 2023, manual word-for-word transcription had been largely replaced. Click for the full write-up → FAQ replies📞 Customer Service Rep 20162023 FAQ repliesReplaced Customer Service Rep · Live Chat Support AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: Retrieval bots → LLMs Replying in a website or app chat window to common questions about refund rules, delivery areas or account settings, usually by pasting or adapting pre-written answers from a library.From 2016, keyword and retrieval-based chatbots matched questions to stored answers automatically. After 2022, large language models could understand varied phrasing and write natural replies, and by 2023 text FAQ replies were mostly automated. Click for the full write-up → Taking orders🍽️ Restaurant Server 20162023 Taking ordersReplaced Restaurant Server AI enters 2016 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: QR-code ordering Servers introduce the menu and daily specials, write down each table's order, confirm allergies and taste preferences, and pass the order on to the kitchen.QR-code ordering lets diners browse the menu, order and add notes on their phones, sending orders straight to the kitchen; it spread from 2016 and accelerated during the pandemic. By 2023 most casual restaurants barely needed staff to take orders. Click for the full write-up → Subtitle timing✍️ Translator 20172023 Subtitle timingReplaced Translator · Subtitle Translation AI enters 2017 → Largely replaced 2023 Technology / key factor: Automatic speech alignment Timing subtitles so each line appears and disappears exactly in step with the speech, while keeping line length and on-screen duration comfortable to read.From 2017, automatic speech alignment matched subtitle text to the audio track and generated frame-accurate timecodes. By 2023 subtitle timing was largely done automatically by software. Click for the full write-up →

20228 tasks

Attendance and payroll calculation📈 Human Resources 20122022 Attendance and payroll calculationReplaced Human Resources · Payroll & HR Specialist AI enters 2012 → Largely replaced 2022 Technology / key factor: HR SaaS Payroll specialists tally each employee's attendance, overtime and leave every month, then calculate gross pay, social insurance contributions and income tax, and issue pay slips to everyone on time.HR SaaS platforms spread from 2012, collecting clock-in data automatically and calculating pay, contributions and tax by rule. By around 2022, the task was mostly system-run. Click for the full write-up → Voucher entry💰 Accountant 20142022 Voucher entryReplaced Accountant · Bookkeeper AI enters 2014 → Largely replaced 2022 Technology / key factor: Receipt OCR + automated bookkeeping Accountants enter invoices, receipts and bank slips into the finance system one by one, choosing the right accounts, amounts and descriptions to create the journal vouchers.From around 2014, receipt OCR and e-invoicing spread, and accounting software began reading documents and generating entries by rule. By 2022, manual voucher entry was largely replaced. Click for the full write-up → Bid adjustments📈 Marketing 20142022 Bid adjustmentsReplaced Marketing · Paid Media Specialist AI enters 2014 → Largely replaced 2022 Technology / key factor: Smart bidding Paid media specialists frequently adjust bids on individual keywords and ad groups in search and feed ads, based on clicks and conversions, to keep customer acquisition costs under control.From 2014, ad platforms introduced smart bidding, where algorithms bid in real time toward conversion goals, generally outperforming manual tweaks. By 2022, bid adjustment was largely handed to algorithms. Click for the full write-up → Checkout and payment🍽️ Restaurant Server 20152022 Checkout and paymentReplaced Restaurant Server AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2022 Technology / key factor: Mobile payment + QR checkout Servers print the bill, go through items with diners, take cash or card payments, make change, apply coupons and issue receipts or invoices on request.Diners scan a table QR code to view the bill and pay by phone, and the system reconciles and issues receipts automatically; this spread through restaurants from 2015. By 2022 most restaurants no longer needed servers to handle checkout. Click for the full write-up →
Earnings flashes / sports scores✍️ Journalist / News Editor 20142022 Earnings flashes / sports scoresReplaced Journalist / News Editor · Reporter AI enters 2014 → Largely replaced 2022 Technology / key factor: Template-based automated writing Writing quick news briefs from company earnings reports or game results, covering the key numbers such as revenue and profit changes, final scores and standout players.From 2014, template-based automated writing systems read structured data and produced earnings flashes and match reports within seconds. By 2022 these data-driven briefs were largely machine-written. Click for the full write-up → Parcel sorting🚚 Warehousing & Delivery 20142022 Parcel sortingReplaced Warehousing & Delivery · Sorter / Picker AI enters 2014 → Largely replaced 2022 Technology / key factor: Cross-belt sorters In parcel hubs, sorters route packages by destination into the right chutes or trucks, once by reading labels, carrying and placing each item by hand.From 2014, cross-belt sorters combined with automatic scanning and weighing were widely deployed, handling tens of thousands of parcels per hour. By 2022, sorting at major hubs was largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Navigation / announcement prompts✍️ Voice Actor 20152022 Navigation / announcement promptsReplaced Voice Actor · Commercial Voice-over AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2022 Technology / key factor: TTS speech synthesis Recording voice prompts for navigation apps, station announcements and phone menus, such as turn instructions or arrival notices, in a clear and standard speaking voice.From 2015, text-to-speech (TTS) became clear and natural enough to generate any prompt on demand without recording each line. By 2022 such prompts were largely produced by synthetic voices. Click for the full write-up → Entering and publishing listings🏗️ Real Estate Agent 20152022 Entering and publishing listingsReplaced Real Estate Agent AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2022 Technology / key factor: Online property platforms Agents used to record a home's size, layout and price on site, take photos, type everything into a system and then post it to various channels.Online property platforms spread from 2015, making structured listing entry, one-click multi-site publishing and automatic photo processing standard. By around 2022, the platforms had largely taken over this task. Click for the full write-up →

20211 task

Parking fees🚚 Toll Collector 20152021 Parking feesReplaced Toll Collector · Highway / Parking Toll Collector AI enters 2015 → Largely replaced 2021 Technology / key factor: License-plate recognition + frictionless payment Parking attendants staffed entrances and exits, logging each car, working out time and fees, taking cash or cards and lifting the gate, which often caused queues at busy times.License-plate recognition cameras log entry and exit times, and the system charges through mobile payment or linked accounts without stopping. This spread quickly from 2015, and by around 2021 most parking lots no longer needed a person to collect fees. Click for the full write-up →

20208 tasks

Deposits and withdrawals💰 Bank Teller 20082020 Deposits and withdrawalsReplaced Bank Teller · Counter Services AI enters 2008 → Largely replaced 2020 Technology / key factor: ATMs + mobile payments Tellers at bank branches handle cash deposits and withdrawals for customers, counting notes and checking for counterfeits, verifying identity, and recording each transaction in the core banking system.By around 2008, ATMs and cash recycling machines were widespread, and mobile payments later cut cash use sharply. By 2020, most deposits and withdrawals no longer needed a teller. Click for the full write-up → Transfers and remittances💰 Bank Teller 20122020 Transfers and remittancesReplaced Bank Teller · Counter Services AI enters 2012 → Largely replaced 2020 Technology / key factor: Mobile banking Filling in and processing transfer and remittance forms for customers, checking payee details carefully, and sending interbank or international payments on their behalf through the bank's systems.From 2012, online and mobile banking let customers transfer money themselves at any time, and real-time payment systems made transfers near-instant. By 2020, counter transfers and remittances were largely replaced. Click for the full write-up → Reservation management🍽️ Hotel Front Desk Agent 20122020 Reservation managementReplaced Hotel Front Desk Agent AI enters 2012 → Largely replaced 2020 Technology / key factor: Online booking platforms Front desk agents take bookings by phone and email, enter arrival dates, room types and rates, manage room availability, and handle guests' changes and cancellations.Online travel platforms and hotel websites let guests book themselves, while channel managers sync availability and rates with property management systems; this became mainstream from 2012. By 2020 most reservations no longer needed front-desk handling. Click for the full write-up → Highway tolls🚚 Toll Collector 20142020 Highway tollsReplaced Toll Collector · Highway / Parking Toll Collector AI enters 2014 → Largely replaced 2020 Technology / key factor: Nationwide electronic toll collection Highway toll collectors staffed booths around the clock, issuing and collecting entry tickets, calculating fees by vehicle class and distance, taking cash or cards and raising the barrier for each car.ETC on-board units and gantry readers identify vehicles and deduct fees automatically, rolling out at scale from 2014. China removed provincial-border toll stations at the end of 2019 and pushed ETC adoption, so manual collection largely ended by 2020. Click for the full write-up →
Printed form entry📞 Data Entry Clerk 20122020 Printed form entryReplaced Data Entry Clerk · Document Entry Clerk AI enters 2012 → Largely replaced 2020 Technology / key factor: OCR Clerks read printed forms, invoices and receipts and type fields such as names, amounts and dates into a computer system by hand, one entry after another.From 2012, optical character recognition (OCR) combined with layout templates could read printed text and fill the matching fields automatically. As accuracy overtook manual keying, printed-form entry was largely automated by 2020. Click for the full write-up → Dimensional measurement🏭 Production Line Worker 20122020 Dimensional measurementReplaced Production Line Worker · Quality Inspector AI enters 2012 → Largely replaced 2020 Technology / key factor: Automated optical measurement Quality inspectors measure machined and molded parts with calipers, micrometers and coordinate measuring machines, checking each dimension against drawing tolerances and recording the results for traceability.Laser scanners, structured-light and machine-vision gauging systems can inspect every part inline, faster and more consistently than manual sampling. They spread through automotive and electronics from 2012, and most routine dimensional checks were automated by 2020. Click for the full write-up → Feeding🌾 Farm Worker 20122020 FeedingReplaced Farm Worker · Livestock Worker AI enters 2012 → Largely replaced 2020 Technology / key factor: Automated feeding systems Livestock workers feed cattle, pigs or poultry on schedule and in measured amounts every day, adjusting rations and formulas for each breed and growth stage.From 2012, automated feeding systems such as feed lines and feeding robots spread across large farms, delivering programmed portions on schedule. By 2020, routine feeding on large farms was largely automated. Click for the full write-up → Taking payment🏭 Retail Worker 20142020 Taking paymentReplaced Retail Worker · Cashier AI enters 2014 → Largely replaced 2020 Technology / key factor: Mobile payments Cashiers take cash or card payments at the counter, make change, check amounts and print receipts, then count the till and reconcile it against system records at the end of a shift.QR-code and contactless mobile payments turned paying into something customers do themselves, spreading rapidly in China from 2014 and sharply cutting cash handling. By 2020 taking payment itself barely required a person. Click for the full write-up →

20182 tasks

Market making💰 Securities Analysis / Trading 20082018 Market makingReplaced Securities Analysis / Trading · Trader AI enters 2008 → Largely replaced 2018 Technology / key factor: High-frequency trading Market makers continuously quote prices to buy and sell, providing liquidity and earning the bid-ask spread while managing the risk of the positions they accumulate.From 2008, high-frequency trading systems began adjusting quotes and hedging automatically within milliseconds in response to order flow and price moves. By 2018, market making on major electronic exchanges was almost entirely done by software. Click for the full write-up →
Ride dispatching🚚 Driver 20142018 Ride dispatchingReplaced Driver · Taxi / Ride-hailing Driver AI enters 2014 → Largely replaced 2018 Technology / key factor: Ride-hailing dispatch algorithms Matching passengers who need a ride with suitable nearby drivers, a job once done by radio dispatchers at call centers or left to drivers cruising the streets for hails.From 2014, ride-hailing platforms used dispatch algorithms to match riders and drivers automatically by location, traffic and demand, with dynamic pricing. By 2018, manual dispatch had largely been replaced. Click for the full write-up →

20162 tasks

IVR phone menu navigation📞 Customer Service Rep 20082016 IVR phone menu navigationReplaced Customer Service Rep · Phone Support AI enters 2008 → Largely replaced 2016 Technology / key factor: Keypad / speech-recognition self-service When a call comes in, an agent asks what the caller needs and directs them to the right department or explains which options to choose, acting as a human front door to the phone line.From around 2008, keypad and speech-recognition IVR systems let callers pick menu options or state their need and get routed automatically. By 2016 human menu navigation had largely disappeared outside of system outages. Click for the full write-up →
Route planning🚚 Driver 20102016 Route planningReplaced Driver · Taxi / Ride-hailing Driver AI enters 2010 → Largely replaced 2016 Technology / key factor: Navigation apps Drivers choose a route based on the destination, time of day and traffic conditions, a skill that once relied on years of accumulated knowledge of city streets and shortcuts.From 2010, navigation apps spread, using live traffic to plan the best route and give voice directions. By 2016, memorized street knowledge had largely been replaced by navigation. Click for the full write-up →

20153 tasks

Order execution💰 Securities Analysis / Trading 20052015 Order executionReplaced Securities Analysis / Trading · Trader AI enters 2005 → Largely replaced 2015 Technology / key factor: Algorithmic trading Traders carry out buy and sell instructions from portfolio managers, deciding when and how to place each order so as to minimize market impact and cost, and then tracking how the order is filled.From 2005, algorithmic trading spread quickly: execution algorithms such as TWAP and VWAP, plus smart order routing, automatically slice and time orders. By 2015, most institutional orders were executed by algorithms and floor shouting had largely disappeared. Click for the full write-up → Directory assistance📞 Switchboard Operator 20082015 Directory assistanceReplaced Switchboard Operator AI enters 2008 → Largely replaced 2015 Technology / key factor: Search engines, phone contacts Directory assistance operators look up phone numbers for businesses or people that callers name and read them out, as in classic 411 or 114 services that were once widely used.From 2008, search engines, smartphone contacts and online maps let people find numbers themselves at any time, and demand collapsed. By 2015 human directory assistance had largely dropped out of everyday use. Click for the full write-up →
Welding and painting🏭 Production Line Worker 20052015 Welding and paintingReplaced Production Line Worker · Assembler AI enters 2005 → Largely replaced 2015 Technology / key factor: Industrial robots On automotive and machinery lines, assembly workers spot-weld and arc-weld car bodies and steel parts, and spray primer and topcoat in paint booths, amid heat, fumes and solvents.Welding and painting are repetitive and hazardous, a natural fit for articulated industrial robots. Automakers and others adopted them at scale from around 2005, and by 2015 body and paint shops on mainstream lines were largely automated. Click for the full write-up →

20121 task

Manual call transfer📞 Switchboard Operator 20052012 Manual call transferReplaced Switchboard Operator AI enters 2005 → Largely replaced 2012 Technology / key factor: Digital exchanges + auto attendants A switchboard operator answers calls to an organization, asks who or which department the caller wants, and manually connects the call to the right extension.From around 2005, digital exchanges and automated attendants let callers dial extensions directly or follow voice prompts. By 2012 most organizations no longer had dedicated staff transferring calls by hand. Click for the full write-up →